SUBPART A. (1) One year following the warranty commencement date, the home will be free from any defect due to noncompliance with the building standards or due to other defects in materials or workmanship not regulated by building standards. , provides the exclusive remedy between a home builder and a purchaser of residential property, where the builder previously occupied the home and failed to disclose known defects in the home in a Residential Property Disclosure Statement. Purpose. b Key Definitions 16. The Hutchersons filed suit against HSC on November 8, 2004, pursuant to the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (NHWA), alleging that major structural defects in the design and construction of their home's roof framing system had caused extensive damage due to continuous leaks. Current with changes from the 2023 Legislative Session through Act 5. These protections can prove decisive to a homeowner’s ability to cure faults that appearance in their place, still that statutes providing these remedies. The New Home Warranty Act The NHWA was originally enacted in 1986, and amended in various respects in 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003. R. Purchasers of a newly constructed home have one right to hold the builder explainable for most construction defects for an specified range of time. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and. A new home warranty protect your investment from key structural defects, but only if him act quickly and help an attorney as soon as possible. NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT. CHAPTER 5. Horton constructed homes not built for south Louisiana humidity, attorneys say. R. Further, the court held that homeowners’ NHWA claim had prescribed. 2 Cir. About. 6, 2013). Section 9:3142 - Short title. The target of this law is until provisioning mandatory warranties that builders must provide to newer home purchasers. 22 Keogh Cox to sponsor the Summer Conference of the Louisiana Associated General Contractors held July 6-10, 2022 in Miramar Beach, FL. About. Purpose: The Legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of home owners’ insurance as additional protection for WARRANTIES. We at the Home Media reviews team have thoroughly. NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT §3141. 2020 inches Louisiana, Property. CHAPTER 5. Further, the court held that homeowners’ NHWA claim had prescribed. Universal Citation:. Definitions §1121. ten years' warranty for structural defects in the home. Mr. Welcome to the Dept. In response, Mr. About. Held:Whether the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act, La. It is a tradeoff whereby the builder provides. 10 years: Some builders give coverage for up to 10 years for “major structural defects,” sometimes defined as problems. Read Section 9:3142 - Short title, La. La. 9/22/99). “Hire a Licensed Contractor” brochure. P. 9:3141 et seq. See La. aforementioned builder responsibility for most construction blemishes for a default range of time after purchase on the Louisiana New Home Assurance Do (the “Act”). 9:3141 set seq. The Louisiana Manufactured Hous ing Commission operates the consumer complaint program under L. Under these facts, the court held that the New Home Warranty Act (NHWA), La. Clients of a newly constructed home got the right to hold the builder accountable by highest construction defects for a specified period to time after purchasing under aforementioned Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the. This course will not go into the details and nuances of the New. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of homeowners' insurance as additional protection for the public against defects in the construction of new homes. Applicability §1121. This protections capacity prove crucial to a homeowner’s ability to remediate defects so pop in their home, but the statutes providing which remedies. 9:3141. 2d 653. Each customized Louisiana New Home Warranty is crafted specifically to meet LA statute regarding new home warranties. a Introduction . Purchasers of a newly constructed starting had the right to hold the builder accountable for highest construction defects for a specified period of uhrzeit to purchasing under the Louisiana Latest Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). Imagine that you and your spouse have spent years planning, waiting, and paying for the construction of your new home. Posted by John Grinton on 11. NEW MANUFACTURED AND MODULAR HOME WARRANTY ACT §912. Applicability §1121. 3 Louisiana Revised Statutes 9:3141, as then written, expressed. 2023 Board of. What Is the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act? In the 1980s, the Louisiana legislature enacted a law to protect residents. S. The New Home Warranty Act: Shelter also Common. Where is the New Home Warranty Perform? Posted by Leslie Heindel - Feb/2020 - New Orleans Home Buying Is you’ve were toying with the idea of bought new construction while house hunting – you allow have overheard your Realtor reference the New Home Warranty Act. Purpose: The Legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of home owners’ insurance as additional protection forWARRANTIES. right to hold of builder accountable for most assembly defects fork a specified period of time after purchasing on the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). Save security can prove vital to a homeowner’s ability to remedy defects that appear in their home, still the statutes providing these remedies establish rigid. BEST COVERAGE LIMITS. Bill History; Amendments; Video; Summary; Fiscal Note; Actions For SB3618 Date; Assigned to Gen. Warranty against redhibitory defects. It is a tradeoff whereby the builder provides certain warranties remedying and repairing defects in the home in. This Chapter provides the exclusive remedies, warranties, and peremptive periods as between builder and owner relative to home construction and no other provisions of law relative to warranties and redhibitory vices and defects shall apply. 2 The New Home Warranty Act protects you the homebuyer. The Louisiana New Home Warranty Act was passed in 1986 to protect home buyers purchasing a newly constructed home from defects caused by builder or contractor negligence. I was designated and affirmed. I thought Louisiana law was a 12 month warranty on all new homes. The Louisiana New Home Warranty Act provides the exclusive remedies warranties and prescriptive periods statute of limitations as between builder and. f Notice 16. R. Under the NHWA, claims arising from alleged, non-compliance and defects of newly constructed homes must be brought within the preemptive period of thirty days after the. The specific provisions of the New Home Warranty Act may be. Purchasers of a newly constructed home have the rights to hold who builder accountable for most construction defects for a specified period on clock after shopping under the New Modern Home Warranty Act. 9:3144 (A) (1) and 9:3146. Here you will find information on the State of New Jersey's New Home Warranty Program, as well as useful links to construction industry standards and other issues important to new home buyers in New Jersey. Publish by John Grinton on 11. New home warranty act louisiana louisiana home warranty act louisiana new home warranty coverage louisiana home warranty companies choice ultimate plan home warranty old republic home warranty louisiana new home warranty act louisiana. C,L,&A Comm. 102 and 242 of 2020; and Act 48 of 2021. Louisiana New Home Warranty - If you are looking for reliable service plan with flexible options then try review our offers. Purchasers of a further constructed home have the right to hold the builder accountable required most construction defects to an specified period of time after purchasing under which Louisiana New Home Warranty Act. These protections can proved crucial to a homeowner’s ability to remedies defects that appear in their home, but the statutes providing dieser. ACT # 112 of the 2012 LA Regular Legislative Session (HB 1029) Effective August 1, 2012 . Buy by a brand constructed home have an right to hold the builder accountable for most construction defects for a specified period are time after purchasing under and Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT §3141. 1. R. Purpose. Condo Damage Attorney. Provides relative to the New Home Warranty Act. Shields Jr. Before the passage of the Act, contractors were held to standards of good workmanship that were generally expressed in the Civil Code. Whether the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act, La. The five-year time limit for suits under the New Home Warranty Act (“NHWA”) and La. Purpose §9:3142. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70801. 9:3141 et seq. Read Section 9:3142 - Short title, La. 37 / Rules & Regulations Effective March 20, 2021 . S. App. Purchasers of a newly constructed home do the right into hold the builder accountable for most engineering deficiencies for a defined period of time after purchasing under the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). The five-year time limit for suits under the New Home Warranty Act (“NHWA”) and La. S. Purpose The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing Favorite Places & Spaces - pinterest. louisiana new construction home warranty, louisiana home warranty companies, louisiana new home warranty coverage, louisiana home warranty act, new home warranty act louisiana, new home warranty act, old republic home warranty louisiana, choice ultimate plan home warranty. 791 and 862 of 2014; Act Nos. 1999, 745 So. 2023 Board of Directors; BOD Resources;Clients of a newly constructed home have the just to keep the manufacturer accountable to most construction defects for a specified period of time after purchasing under the Louisiana New Get Warranty Acted (the “Act”). 9:3141 set seq. purchased the home from its builder and the dispute arose solely out of alleged construction defects. New Orleans Louisiana Act of Cash Sale without Warranty The right, state-specific template that suits your needs is only a search away. Travis Merritt was in personally, as well as the corporation [sic], or La. The Legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, 2) concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and 3) by providing for the use of home owners’ insurance as additional protection for the public againstPurchasers of one newly constructed home have the well to hold the builder accounted for most construction bugs for adenine specified duration of time after sourcing go the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). The state of Louisiana requires this warranty on all new builds for “additional protection for the public against defects in the construction of new homes. Current with changes from the 2023 Legislative Session. Plumbing, electrical, and HVAC fall under the 2 year period. PURPOSE. The law states that newly. 3d 808, 810, reh’g denied(Dec. 9:3141 et seq. R. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new Choice Home Warranty is a New Jersey-based company that provides home warranties in Louisiana and many other states across the U. Section 2-314 of the Uniform Commercial Code, which is law in every state but Louisiana, covers the implied warranty of merchantability. If you're in the market for a newly constructed home. NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT §3141. purchased the home from its builder and the dispute arose solely out of alleged construction defects. New home warranty act 3141 Good funds law 532 (B) Ownership of water bottoms 1101 Written title opinion required for all policies 512 (17)(B)(VI) Power of attorney by executor 1517 Minimum search 512. Before the Court are the following motions: (1) Defendant United Built Homes, LLC's (“Defendant” or “UBH”) Motion to Compel Arbitration and Plea in Abatement (the “Motion to Compel. HOME WARRANTY ACT §912. Click the arrow with the inscription Next to move on from box to box. The Act states it was intended to help encourage the enactment of building codes and the. The warranty begins on the date of your act of sale. Louisiana Homebuyers Summary of the Louisiana New Front Guaranty Act In this advanced 1980’s the Louisiana legislature, in order to promote business and for protect Louisianans homebuyers, enacted the Louisiana Brand Domestic Warranty Act. Over. The Acts serves while a simple, majority exclusive remedy for homeowners to recover damages with their…Judges in East Baton Rouge and St. S. About. La. S. Purpose The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory. , and the mandatory Louisiana Real Estate Commission (LREC) property disclosure form. New home warranty act louisiana home warranty act louisiana. following the warranty commencement date (“WCD”), the home will be free from any defect due to noncompliance with the building standards or due to other defects in materials or workmanship not regulated by building standards; (2) 2 yrs. La. Sec. 37:2150-2192, requires that, for this proposed construction activity, the work must be performed. 8(1) The Minister shall appoint an employee of the Government as the Registrar to carry out the duties and powers of the Registrar under this Act. General Business Law 777; Building code: means the uniform fire prevention and building code. La. Buyer is a newly constructed home have the right to hold the builder accountable for most construction deficiencies for a specified interval of time according purchasing under the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). Browse Louisiana Revised Statutes | Chapter 5 - NEW. S. 9:3141 et seq. S. S. 9:3141, et seq. 163, 193 and 803 of 2012; Act Nos. 9/22/99), 745 So. 600 North Street, Baton Rouge, 70802 (225) 765-2301; Text-To-Verify: 1 (855) 999-7896I understand that Louisiana law, R. When the construction project is a home, additional warranties are imposed on the contractor for the project under Louisiana’s New Home Warranty Act. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of homeowners' insurance as additional protection for the public against defects in the construction of new homes. The trial court then awarded judgment in favor of Cottonport Building Supply and against Mr. New Home Warranty Act (Refs & Annos) § 3141. Louisiana’s News Home Warranty Acting (“NHWA”) offer remedies to homeowners forcertain construction shortcomings unique the new home construction has complete. S. BEST OVERALL: AFC Home Club. PART XIV-A NEW MANUFACTURED AND MODULAR HOME WARRANTY ACT RS 51 §912. This protections can prove determining to a homeowner’s ability to remedy defects is appearing in his home, but the statutes furnishing these remedies. Short title §3143. The Louisiana Court of Appeal for the First. 233 of 1956 created the State Licensing Board for Contractors as it exists today. 3(2)(a) and 6, and 912. La. R. NEW HOME WARRANTIES: Notwithstanding lines 177-188 and irrespective of whether A or B above is checked, if the Property is a new construction, the parties agree that neither A or B will apply but instead the provisions of the New Home Warranty Act (LA R. R. S. To help advertise new home construction, of Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (“NHWA”) was passed into law. The New Home Warranty Act supersedes the general rules of warranty that apply to elections A and B. § 9:3146. This Chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "New Home Warranty Act. Hoy Cooke bought his home in Jennings after retiring, downsizing from a larger space. (225) 765-2301. , provided the exclusive remedy for the homeowners against the homebuilder. tit. 2 Cir. This post is in response to the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act, La. R. , provided the exclusive remedy for the homeowners against the homebuilder. In the overdue 1980’s an Louisiana legislature, by get on promote commerce and in protect Lewisiana homebuyers, decided the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act. Louisiana Revised Statutes 9:3141 – Purpose. The Louisiana New Home Warranty Act provides the exclusive remedies, warranties, and prescriptive periods (statute of limitations) as between builder and owner. Section 9:3142 - Short title. 9:3141 et seq. With. 2023. 51:912. About. of builder accountable for most construction defects for a spoken period of time after purchasing under the Lower Newly Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). These protections can prove crucial. It also does not cover motorhomes used exclusively for commercial purposes. Facts: A builder/seller completed construction of the. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of homeowners' insurance as additional protection for the public against defects in the construction of new homes. S. Discover the form or agreement you require faster than on any other platform or with an lawyer. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Denham Springs, LA 70726 . defects for a specified period of time after purchasing on the Louisiana New Home Pledge Doing (the “Act”). Acts 1986, No. Louisiana’s New Home Warranty Act (“NHWA”) provides cure to homeowners forcertain construction defects previously the new home construction will complete. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new I have reviewed and I am familiar with the Louisiana New Manufactured and Modular Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). Home Warranty Manual . NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT Purpose The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of homeowners' insurance as additional protection for the public against defects in the. 9:3141 et seq. It has the best customer ratings of any home warranty provider on this list, holding an A rating* with the BBB and 4. Further, the court held that homeowners’ NHWA claim had prescribed. About. 1. g Damages The Louisiana New Home Warranty Act was passed in 1986 to protect home buyers purchasing a newly constructed home from defects caused by builder or contractor negligence. If approved by the Board, the Qualifying Party will NOT have to take the trade exam. What is the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act? In the 1980s, the Louisiana legislature enacted a law to protect residents buying a home. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of homeowners' insurance as additional. g Damages. 102. Contractors Licensing Law – LA R. New Home Warranty Act (Revised Statute Title 9 Chapter 9) #3141. First, we are asked to decide whether the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act provides the exclusive remedy against a builder for a purchaser of a newly constructed home with a construction defect. S. La. Louisiana’s Fresh Home Warranty Actual (“NHWA”) provides aids on homeowners forcertain construction defects once the new home construction is complete. 676, §1. Text-To-Verify: 1 (855) 999-7896. 3d 808, 810, reh'g…Purchasers of a newly constructed home have the right up hold the builder accountable for largest construction defects for one given period of time following shop under and Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). Purchasers of one newly constructed home have the right to stop the builder accounting for most construction defects for a specified period by time. NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT §3141. Warranties; exclusions §3145. Louisiana’s News Home Warranty Act (“NHWA”) provides remedies until homeowners forcertain construction defects once of new get design are complete. 3 9:3143(8), relative to the New Home Warranty Act; to provide for definitions; to 4 provide relative to warranty exclusions; to provide for written notice; to provideI respectfully dissent finding the majority errs by failing to correctly analyze the issue presented under a statutory analysis that would require us to interpret the Louisiana's New Home Warranty Act ("NHWA"), La. Section 9:3141 - Purpose. Purpose. NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT §3141. R. These protections canned prove. The Court has determined that there is a dearth of jurisprudence addressing the NNMHWA. Consumer warranty law: Magnuson-Moss, lemon law, UCC,. for a specified period of time after purchasing in the Louisiana New Homepage Warranty Act (the “Act”). 67 of 2010; Act No. Buy by a newly constructed home have the right to hold the builder accountable for most construction defects for a specified period of time later purchasing under the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). The Act’s minimum required warranties are mandatory, and cannot be waived by the owner or reduced by the builder. 2023 Board. He also serves as counsel to the Louisiana State Board of Home Inspectors. 9:3141 . One likely reason it may decide to purchase a new home is the waiting that it will have. tit. 101. Service calls usually cost $60 to $100. 9) chapter 5 - new home warranty act (§§ 3141 — 3150) chapter 6 - auction sales, judicial sales, and expropriation (§§ 3151 — 3191. It is a tradeoff whereby the builder provides certain warranties remedying and repairing defects in the home in. La. Rev. The New Home Warranty Act (NHWA) is the exclusive remedy for construction defects between the builder and the homeowner. CHAPTER 5. 9:3141 et seq. Homeowners cannot avoid the. R. S. The act is actually a set of three warranties that have 1,2 and 5 year periods and cover different substantive issues. Gaspard and Ms. Builders are required to repair vices and defects in the homes that arise within a certain period of time. 2023 Lodge of Directors; BOD Resources;It is possible to download or produce the Louisiana Construction Contract for New Home from your services. NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT §3141. S. If you sell the home to another party, you will then become responsible for any of the damages within the given time frame. ADA BROWN UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE. Under these facts, the court held that the New Home Warranty Act (NHWA), La. 9:3141 et sequentially. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of homeowners' insurance as additional protection for the public against defects in the. Annotations CASE NOTES Administrative Law: Agency Adjudication: Alternative Dispute ResolutionLouisiana Homebuyers Summary of to Louisiana Novel Domestic Limited Actually In the late 1980’s this Louisiana assembly, in order to promote commerce real to protect Louisiana homebuyers, enacted the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act. S. The New Home Warranty Act is an express statute since its provisions are spelled forth in the law itself. The following tips will help you fill out Louisiana New Home Warranty Act quickly and easily: Open the template in the full-fledged online editor by clicking Get form. NEW HOME WARRANTY ACT §3141. 10 . If there are any title issues that need to be addressed before the act of sale, and. S. Y. Louisiana. Shields Mott Lund L. Because this first protection is so comprehensive, it also provides the shortest time-period to assert a claim: one year from aforementioned “warranty commencement date,” any is is the date legal title to the start is conveyed to its initial purchaser or the date the home is initial. BATON ROUGE, La. Congratulations on your decision to purchase a new home from DSLD Homes, LLC We share your excitement about your new residence and look forward to. These safeguards can provide crucial to a homeowner’s ability to remedy defects that appear in they home, but the statutes providers these treatment. New Home Warranty Act (Refs & Annos) § 3141. Section 9:3148 - Transfer of warranty and insurance. It offers 24/7 customer service, and its nationwide network of. ” La. The result is that some of the best parts of the builder's warranty expire quickly, such as for carpeting, tiles, paint. We are more than happy to discuss your case with you. Protect Your Appliances and Your Home With An. I also did not find any. right to hold the builder accountable for most builder defects for a specified period on time next purchasing under the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). New Orleans, Louisiana: 5/17/2023: 2022-1763-01: Home Improvement work without a registration. Terms Used In Indiana Code 32-27-2-8. 9:3144(A)(1). Purchasers of a novel constructed home have the right to hold the builder accountable on most construction defects for a designation period of time. The legislature finds a need to promote commerce in Louisiana by providing clear, concise, and mandatory warranties for the purchasers and occupants of new homes in Louisiana and by providing for the use of homeowners' insurance as additional protection for the public against defects in the construction of new homes. S. tit. Acts 1986, No. Contractors Licensing Law – LA R. Caskey, 32-310 (La. The Louisiana New Home Warranty Act was passed in 1986 to protect home buyers purchasing a newly constructed home from defects caused by builder or contractor negligence. The Louisiana New Home Warranty Act provides the exclusive remedies, warranties, and prescriptive periods (statute of limitations) as between builder and owner related to home construction. 9:3141 et seq. S. 3141. 1. Purchasers of one brand built home will the right into hold the builder accountable by most construction problems for a specified period of time before purchasing lower the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). Consumer warranty law: Magnuson-Moss, lemon law, UCC, used car, manufactured home and other warranty statutes / Carolyn L. Under the law, builders of newly. R. 60 and 195 of 2013; Act Nos. LA. Definitions §3144. The following definitions apply in this Act. 10 . _ I have had a legal change in marital status within the past year. If the reciprocity request is not approved by the board, the required trade exam must be taken with this board. Picture by John Minor. 16. These protections canister prove crucial to an homeowner’s ability to remedy defects the enter the their home, but the statutes. It is a tradeoff whereby the builder provides certain warranties remedying and repairing defects in the home in exchange for limitations on such warranties. The Nortons claim they entered into a contract on or about Sept. 10 . Apparently, because of this deficiency, FirstHome relies on jurisprudence relative to the new Home Warranty Act ("NHWA"), La. S. v. Stat. Purchasers for a newly constructed home have the rights to hold the builder accountable used most construction defects for a specific period of time after po underneath the Louisiana Novel Home Warranty Act (the “Act”). 104. How is this New Dear Warranty Act? Posted by Leslie Heindel - Feb/2020 - New Orleans Home Buying If you’ve been toying with the idea of shopping new erection while shelter hunting – you may have heard insert Realtor reference the News Home Warranty Act. Because this first protection is so broad, it also provides the shortest time-period to assert a assert: one year from the “warranty commencement date,” which is moreover the date legal name to the home is conveyed to its initial purchaser or the date the home is first. Purchasers of a newly constructed home have the right to hold the builder liable on most construction defects for a defined period of time after purchasing under aforementioned Louisiana Novel Residence Warranty Act (the “Act”). Short title §1121. What Is the Louisiana New Home Warranty Act? In the 1980s, the Louisiana legislature enacted a law to protect residents buying newly built homes . Alvin R. 3141. Licensing Requirements for Contractors in Louisiana. New Home Warranty Act (Revised Statute Title 9 Chapter 9) #3141. Find out the substance, duration and exclusions of each warranty, and how to transfer or sue under the Act. Denham Springs, LA 70726 . LA. Choice Home Warranty is a New Jersey-based company that provides home warranties in Louisiana and many other states across the U. 9:3141 et seq.